Concrete is commonly perceived as a stone-like, monolithic and homogeneous material. In fact, it is a complex mix of cooked limestone, clay-like materials and a wide variety of rock or sandy aggregates. Limestone itself is a sedimentary rock composed of shells and coral, whose formation is influenced by many biological, geological and climatological factors. Although the terms cement and concrete often are used interchangeably, cement is actually an ingredient of concrete. Concrete is a mixture of aggregates and paste. The aggregates are sand and gravel or crushed stone; the paste is water and Portland cement. Thrown together and mixed well, these simple ingredients make a composite, which is the name we give to a hybrid material that's better in some important way than the materials from which it's made. In the case of concrete, the "important" thing is that it's strong, hard, and durable. Thinking of concrete Brisbane as a composite material, the cement hydrate is the background, binding material (matrix) to which the sand and gravel add extra strength (reinforcement). Concrete is taken off by the four elements that make up the structure. These elements are Columns, Walls, beams, and decks. The materials that are taken off which make up these elements are the rebar, formwork, concrete material and finishing area.
These materials use the following take off units in an estimate:
- Rebar - pounds or tons
- Concrete material - cubic yards
- Formwork - square footage
- Contact area of form Finishing - square footage
Surface area High-rise Concrete buildings present a lot of unique take offs and if not broken down, elements can be missed or over estimated. The first step in estimating a high-rise concrete building is to start by understanding the overall shape and height for each floor and create a matrix with this information, also known as a story pole. Next, once all the floors are reviewed, areas of the building are defined for non-typical and typical. Non Typical are those floors and areas which have no repetition between each floor. Each floor in the non-typical will be looked at on an individual basis. Typical floors are those floors which are identical. Identical floors for the purpose of estimating are those floors which have the same height, same plan footprint and which use the same materials. Lastly, this information is used to takeoff each unique floor plan. The successful placement of concrete is dependent upon careful mixing, the proper equipment, and adequate transportation. This site will define, analyze, and demonstrate the importance of each in the overall process of placing concrete. Plain concrete is structural concrete without reinforcement or with less than the minimum amount required for reinforced concrete. It is sometimes used in slabs-on-grade, pavement, basement walls, small foundations, curb and gutter. Reinforced concrete has compressive strength the ability to resist crushing loads; however, its tensile strength is only about 10 percent of its compressive strength. Its tensile strength is so low that it is nearly disregarded in design of most concrete structures. Reinforced concrete Brisbane is a combination of adequate reinforcement. Smooth running of construction is important for project to complete in time. The cost of projects will be higher with sound construction professional reputation.
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